Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

Born: September5, 1888 Died: April17, 1975 Achievements: First Vice President and second President of India. Placed Indian philosophy on world map. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was first Vice President of India and second President of India. He was also a philosopher and introduced the thinking of western idealist philosophers into Indian thought. He was a famous teacher and his birthday is celebrated as Teacher's Day in India. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was born on September 5, 1888 at Tartani, Madras in a poor Brahmin family.As his father was poor Radhakrishnan supported most of his education through scholarships. Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan had his early education at Gowdie School, Tiruvallur and then went to the Lutheran Mission School in Tirupati for his high school. He joined the Voorhees’s College in Vellore and later switched to the Madras Christian College. He chose Philosophy as his major subject and did his B. A. and M. A. in it. After completing his M. A. , Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, accepted an Assistant Lectureship at the Madras Presidency College in 1909.In college, he mastered the classics of Hindu philosophy, namely the Upanishads, Bhagvad Gita, Brahma sutra, and commentaries of Sankara, Ramunuja and Madhava. He also acquainted himself with Buddhist and Jain philosophy and philosophies of Western thinkers such as Plato, Plotinus, Kant, Bradley, and Bergson. In 1918, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was selected as Professor of Philosophy by the University of Mysore. In 1921, Radhakrishnan was nominated as Professor of Philosophy at the Calcutta University, 1921. In 1923, Dr. Radhakrishnan's book â€Å"Indian Philosophy† was published.The book was hailed as a â€Å"philosophical classic and a literary masterpiece. † Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was called to Oxford University, to deliver lectures on Hindu philosophy. He used his lectures as a platform to further India's cause for freedom. He also argued that Western philosophers, despite all claims to objectivity, were biased by theological influences from their wider culture. He showed that Indian philosophy, once translated into standard academic jargon, is worthy of being called philosophy by Western standards.He thus placed Indian Philosophy on world map. In 1931, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was elected Vice Chancellor of the Andhra University. In 1939, Radhakrishnan became the Vice Chancellor of the Benaras Hindu University. In 1946, he was appointed as Ambassador to UNESCO. After Independence Dr. Radhakrishnan was requested to Chair the University Education Commission in 1948. The Radhakrishnan Committee's suggestions helped mould the education system for India's needs. In 1949, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was appointed ambassador to the Soviet Union.He helped laid the foundation for a strong relationship with Soviet Union. Radhakrishnan was elected first Vice-President of India in 1952. He was honored with the Bharat Ratna in 1954. After serving two terms as Vice-President, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was elected President of India in 1962. During his tenure as President India fought wars with China and Pakistan. As President he helped see India through those trying years safely. He retired as President in 1967 and settled in Madras. Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan died on April 17, 1975.

Is there a market for wool suits that are washable?

Washable wool suits with finest material and craftsmanship are very popular among men. Many Australian and Chinese companies are now introducing machine washable new blend of wool suits for increasing the sale of these suits among professionals. In 2005, a Chinese businessman and movie star in joint venture with Helain Group introduced washable wool blend suits with high quality, special performance and easy care. Helian group is China’s one the largest manufacturers and retailers of menswear. They have around more than 250 retail shops in all over China and production of 3 million per year (Yin introduces, 2005) These suits were made with special blended material to maintain their style and shape even after machine wash. Retailers have always been interested in buying and merchandising washable wool suits to enhance their sales and popularize their use among new generation. Washable wool suits are marketed in key regions of China and Australia and displayed at several trade shows and exhibitions in retail stores. Washable wool suits, which were introduced in China, were made with Australian Marino wool. As these suits were introduced it was expected that demand for Australian Marino wool will increase. These wool suits were specifically introduced for increased performance and new innovative styles (Yin introduces, 2005). In 2003, Australian company AWI and Berkeley were the first to develop the technology of these suits. Later these were introduced in China in order to increase demand for Australian wool. Currently China is the largest buyer of Australian wool. Washable wool suits are also becoming popular among other Asian countries. According to Furong, President of Heilan, introduction of machine washable wool blend suits has put Heilan group at edge of others and a major step in improving their market share.   In addition, he believes that the suits they produced were easy to care, easy washable, convenience and cost effective and has huge market potential in China (Yin introduces, 2005). The need for machine washed and dried suits was also felt among American and UK professionals. Men are usually looking for suits that can be machine washed, dried and can be worn without the needed of ironing. However, one problem they face is wrinkles that appear soon after machine wash ruining the expensive fine suit. The second thing of concern to men is the need of well creased and pressed suits during their jobs and business meetings. Young professionals are more interested in having such suits. For some people suits are not just for convenience but they are worn to increase your reputability and status while you work among the company of respectable people, as noticed by a fashion historian, Anne Hollander (Rohwedder, 2006). Many professionals prefer machine wash than going to dry cleaner because its easy, fast and cost effective for them. â€Å"Kenny Cook, a 37-year-old desk clerk for Royal Mail in London, plans to buy one of the new suits for a friend's wedding later this month. Mr. Cook says he eats lunch at his desk and often drops a piece of his sandwich on his suits. ‘I can't be bothered to go to the dry cleaners,’ says Mr. Cook. ‘But I've mastered a washing machine.’† (Rohwedder, 2006) According to a report the new machine washable and dryer-friendly wool suits are made with 45% wool, 52% polyester and 3% lycra. That prevents wool to become as a wet as in its original form. Sale of such suits is also going high in UK and USA. However, most men think that these suits are not very hot, scratchy or shiny (Rohwedder, 2006). US retailers like Nordstorn Inc think that wash and dry suits is a great innovation and needs more development. But Catherine Hayward who is director of fashion design at British magazine thought that there is no need to have machine washable suits as these are needed to work at reputable organizations not for gardening or meat market (Rohwedder, 2006). However, different people have different thinking and many have considered a need for machine washable suits. Sales in China, USA, UK, and even in other Asian countries is gradually increasing. Works Cited Australia : Yin introduces Heilan’s washable wool blend suits (2005) . Retrieved from World Wide Web: http://www.fibre2fashion.com/news/textile-news/newsdetails.aspx?news_id=10076   Beyond the Bale – Issue 16 – Wool Suits Chinese Buyers. Suitable Attire? Suit Goes in Washer, Dryer, But Traditionalists Recoil: ‘This is the Antichrist' (2006) Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB114548666330130509.html?mod=todays_us_marketplace

 Developing my Leadership Style Essay

Pressures on organizations are increasing; even in the Students’ Union where I work. There are growing needs to become more efficient, and to deliver success against strategic goals with shrinking resources. Quantitative analysis can measure performance outputs, and managers can make judgments using business information by qualitatively analyzing. Employees often represent the largest expense for organizations; therefore it is vital to monitor staff performance in order to recognize success and failure. Leaders can achieve little without the support of their followers. Flatter hierarchal structures are more prevalent in modern times; this means managers cannot expect blind allegiance. Engagement with followers is vital. Effective engagement must happen continuously. It is important not to limit the times of communication to employees. This can lead to misunderstandings of tasks and direction of work. For example, if I were to only talk to my team members on a one to one basis annually, it would be likely they would not be working on what I would ideally want to them to work on. It is useful to note however that some employees might not like too much engagement from a manager. They might feel like they are being monitored too much, and fear they are doing something wrong. They correct balance must be found. An important outcome of effective engagement is that team members can link their daily actions to the organization’s strategic plan. This will motivate individuals, as it will give them clear goals to work towards. To improve this in my team I could organize a mapping day where everyone links his or her work to the Students’ Union’s strategic plan. Some see a leader simply as an individual others follow, whereas others define leadership as organizing a group of people to achieve a common goal. Studies of leadership have produced theories about the different duties and traits of leaders. I am interested in leadership, as I would like to become a more effective manager. It is useful to understand the similarities and differences between a leader and a manager. Usually a manager is concerned with specific tasks such as budgets, projects, or organizing. Management does not always include a responsibility for people. Leadership, on the other hand, typically have bigger responsibilities than managers; for instance, creating new visions or forming new policies. Leadership always involves leading a group of people. There is a large overlap between leaders and managers. Both strong leaders and strong managers are skilled in keeping their teams focused by challenging individuals to perform strongly in line with objectives. Weak leaders and managers fail to engage with their teams; and so accept chaos and apathy. Leadership Styles It is important to recognize my own leadership style so I can be mindful of my weaknesses. One way to carry out the self-analysis is by using the ‘six specific scales for leadership’ table. The six scales are listed below along each row. Task Person Flexible Dogmatic De-centralised Centralised Reward Punishment The ‘means’ The ‘end’ Structured Organic Task / Person relates to if a manager is task focused or people focused. Task focused leaders emphasize the need to perform to achieve certain goals. A task directed leader would more likely portray an authoritarian style, or a top-down approach meaning they make most the decisions. This could improve efficiency, but lessen moral. On the other hand, person orientated leadership is a behavioral approach in which the motivation and well-being of the team are prioritized. These leaders may have a servant leadership philosophy where rather than giving orders they try to persuade people to work, and try hard themselves to serve the team. There is a risk a team may not function well with this untraditional style, or they could enjoy feeling more valued. Flexible / Dogmatic refers to if a leader will alter practices when a situation changes, or will strictly keep doing things they way they have always been done. A dogmatic leader would want their team to follow established procedures and would reject suggestions to do things differently. A flexible leader would be much more likely to use suggested ideas to modify the statue quo. De-centralised / Centralised is an issue all businesses face; are decisions made by senior managers, or made further down the hierarchy. De-centralised leadership gives an organization a flatter hierarchy, and as decisions are made closer to the customer; this can improve customer service. However a disadvantage of De-centralised leadership is decision-making is less holistically strategic. Centralised leadership makes it easier to implement overarching policies, and prevents people from working in silos. On the other hand, extra layers of bureaucracy are added and disengagement from the front line could lead to bad decisions. Reward / Punishment refers to how a manager chooses to motivate their staff. Do they positively reinforce positive behavior though rewards, or discourage undesirable behavior using punishments? Transactional leaders often reward employees for loyalty and good work. Authoritarian managers may be more likely to use punishments to encourage industry. The means / The end questions whether the method to reach a goal is the most important, or is the end result more critical. A values based leader will probably prioritize ‘the means’ over ‘the end.’ Whereas a leader driven by performance targets may only worry about ‘the end.’ Structured / organic refers to the culture a manager creates. A structured leader will favor bureaucratic structures, precision and strict subornation. On the other hand an organic manager will work to reduce hierarchical structures, and will highly value external knowledge. Different leaders prioritize the things on the scale differently. The scales are useful because a strong emphasis on one aspect suggests a weakness of another trait. If an honest self-analysis is carried out, a person will be made aware of their weaknesses. They can then plan strategies to strengthen the flaws. Own Style I am going to assess the effectiveness of my own leadership style by plotting my characteristics on the six-point scale. Task x Person Flexible x Dogmatic De-centralised x Centralised Reward x Punishment The ‘means’ x The ‘end’ Structured x Organic When I manage I almost wholly focus on the task completion, often at the expense of the welfare of my team. I am flexible in the way I strive to meet my goals as I am not averse to taking on board other people ideas; that also means I do not hold all the decision making power, (de-centralized). I am not the best at recognizing good behavior, as I have always thought people are being paid to do produce a high standard of work, I more typically penalize team members rather than reward them. Again my performance valued nature means I focus on the end rather than the means. Lastly, I prefer to follow a structured approach because it is easier to monitor individuals’ performance and is arguably more time efficient. This is not to the required standard for my job in the Students’ Union, steps will need to be put in place in order to improve. Implications I work as Students’ Union President. I have to manage my fellow full time officers, (the four Vice Presidents), and the seven part-time officers who volunteer their time to help students. An advantage of being a task based leader is that I can ensure deadlines are met, and jobs get completed by all members of the team, especially those who are not good at managing their time. On the other hand, staff wellbeing may be neglected causing retention and motivation problems. To become a better manager I need to find a way of both organizing the team while not forgetting to look after their welfare. It is important that I am flexible in my role as I am meant to represent the views of all BCU students. I would not be a popular student leader if I did not take into account all new ideas that students suggest to me. Also, as all of my projects involve working with the ever-changing student population, I could easily do something wrong if I did not keep gathering the most current student views. Constantly changing tactics though, does slow work progress; sometimes with time sensitive decisions I must push ahead with what I think is best. A way I could improve would be to define projects that it is appropriate to have a wider student input, and those projects that do not. Doing this would save time on some projects, which I could use to instigate better quality engagement with students on other projects. In regard to decision-making, I usually consult the whole team in our weekly meetings before a decision is made. I think it important to make the team feel empowered, especially the volunteers. I hope that giving others control of decisions gives them ownership of projects, so they are more motivated to work hard on them. However, consulting team members with things does slow things down; but I think it is worth it to make more informed decisions. I am not the best at rewarding my team. My ethos is that I expect team members to do a good job. I do reward individuals if they go above and beyond the call of duty. But, on many more occasions I have had to speak to people about why something is not quite up to scratch. I do have a tendency to focus on the end results rather than the journey there. I don’t mind how people reach their targets, as long as they do. I favor procedures; I like the team to follow the designed routes to get things done. This result of the self-analysis worries me. Forgetting to reward individuals will demotivate them. If I carry on doing this I could reach the stage where every time I pop into the communal office my team thinks I have come to highlight someone’s failure; this would be a big problem. I need to find a way to regularly reward hard working people. This will create a more positive environment, and people who are comfortable and happy will likely perform better. Adair proposed the Three Global Factors of leadership. The three factors are, determination to deliver, engagement with individuals, and engagement with teams. The three factors overlap, and are inter-related. Different leaders prioritiesprioritize the three factors differently. I certainly lean toward the ‘determination to deliver’ strand. By focusing on the task, the team may feel undervalued and pressured. Little communication may also mean individuals feel neglected or ignored. I must try to engagement more with individuals and teams to become a more balanced and effective leader. I should set aside time in my calendar to get to know people. This will let me know the best way to communicate the targets to them to motivate them. Spending time with people will also make it a lot easier for me to detect issues. For example, if I know that someone is unhappy, I can investigate why that is and take steps to improve things for them. Developing my Leadership Style After assessing my leadership style and evaluating the results I have produced an action plan to improve my management approach. Action Plan: Benefits of Action Plan Creating an action plan will help me maintain focus working towards goals that I have set to improve my leadership style. The goals relate to weaknesses, (such as prioritising the means and ignoring people), identified in the assessment of my style. The action plan will help ensure that actions and decisions are oriented toward accomplishing the specific goals. The action plan will help me gain self-esteem. Effective action plans contain small steps to achieve ambitions. As I succeed at each step of my plan, I will gain confidence in my ability to be successful and bring change. To create an action plan, I had to determine specific steps linked to the self analysis. The goals and steps are measurable so I am able to tell whether the goals have been met or not. The team will be heavily involved in the action plan. Hopefully this will help strengthen morale and the sense of unity. There are opportunities for team input. Team members who feel included in adaptations will be more motivated to follow through on actions toward achieving the goal because they will feel they partially own the goal. It is important to monitor, evaluate and adapt an action plan to sustain its effectiveness. I will periodically check that I am completing the actions I said I would take by keeping a record of the progress. Objectives should be investigated if they do not in keep with the timeframe defined. My team and myself can sit down and discuss reasons why the success criteria is not being fulfilled in the time predicted. Then the action plan could be reformed or work could be refocused to get things back on track. A More Effective Leader? Having completed this process, I feel confident I can become a more effective leader. For me, the self-analysis was the most important part. I tried my best to give honest answers. It was interesting linking back the findings to the preceding research I had done about leadership styles. I intend to use this Action Plan to complete the objectives I have set myself. I am sure it will strengthen the team I work in.

Police Corruption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Police Corruption - Essay Example This way of thinking that concentrates on ritual and continuation of graft creates an environment in which anti-graft, embezzlement, fraud and corruption programs are seen as being radical encroachments on the status quo. Officers may find examples of their morality may be more prone to give an accounting of their personal beliefs than what they see to be a proscribed function of weighing behavior by a set standard. The idea behind the slippery slope is a metaphor—the first step taken on a slippery surface causes problems which tend to snowball, in a relationship that can simply be described as cause and effect. #2 The society-at-large hypothesis assumes that the problems which lead to corruption come from an external source. For example, if a police department is located in a particularly rough city, during a particularly rough time period economically, and there is a lack of leadership and corruption even at the highest offices in the country, the police department becomes a microcosm of a corrupt society. It becomes a reflection of this external corruption. The rotten apple hypothesis states that the police officers hired by a police department are the cause of corruption. The society-at-large hypothesis was external; this is an internal consideration. â€Å"The rotten apple hypothesis is that there is low criterion for the cops hired. This leads to law enforcement’s not being trustable and being bad natured sometimes being a side of the police force. To prevent this, one must do a thorough background screening of the officer being hired† (Buckosh, 2010). The common saying is that â€Å"a few rotten apples spoil the whole bunch.† In other words, a minority of corrupt officers may give the whole department a bad name. The affliction hypothesis is also external. â€Å"The structural or affliction hypothesis is a similar factor to the society at large, where it is forced ethics

Ontology is the Best Principle that Explains the Existence of God Essay

Ontology is the Best Principle that Explains the Existence of God - Essay Example This means that God did not play a role in the creation of man, and hence His existence is doubtful. However, this paper argues that God exists. There are three major arguments that try to justify the existence of God. These arguments are, ontological, teleological, and cosmological (Peterson, William, Bruce and David, 93). Teleological arguments justify the existence of God by looking at the physical and the natural world. It denotes that it is impossible for the physical and the natural order to exists, without a supreme being, who was responsible for creating it. The cosmological argument, on the other hand, denotes that the existence of God is deduced. The proponents of this argument are not sure, and this is because it is a deduction. The ontological argument, explains the existence of God, through the principles of ontology. Ontology is concerned with the issues regarding the ones that exist, how such entities exist. This paper argues that ontology is the best concept that can be used for purposes of explaining the existence of God (Peterson, William, Bruce and David, 95). However, there are arguments, that ontology cannot efficiently explain the existence of God, mainly because it is based on the perception that God exists, and this is because of its nature. This paper takes a stand, that because of the nature of God, that is, His creation capability, it is proof that He exists. This is the major principle of ontology. St Anselm, who was a medieval Christian, is the first person to come up with the concepts of the ontology. He developed this concept, based on words, and what these words were able to mean. St. Anselm denotes that it is possible to prove the existence of God, by trying to find out, what this word, God, means (Peterson, William, Bruce and David, 91). St Anselm further explains that the word God contains virtually everything that an individual needs to understand concerning the existence of God.  Ã‚  

Gestures and Facial Expressions Experiment Essay

Gestures and Facial Expressions Experiment - Essay Example This paper will study the basis of gestures and facial expressions. Since these gestures and facial expressions have so much to do with a person’s individuality, I wanted to know how it could affect me in different ways. The same happened when I stopped making use of these gestures and facial expressions for a week. I realized that my best friend was unable to understand the change in my attitude. Even though he was listening to what I said but he asked for my confirmation on quite a few issues time and time again. He wanted to know if there was something wrong with me or that if a circumstance has altered my perspectives a little bit. I was not anywhere close to telling him the exact reason. The gestures and facial expressions had become strangers for me for an entire week, and I started to see life from a completely different tangent. It brought about a positive as well as a negative impact on my personality. The point of optimism was that I was willing to forego serious aspects which could trigger positive or negative emotions within me. T hus I was aloof of the world around me. The negativities that came about included the fact that my words were not being taken seriously by the people around me because these gestures and facial expressions were not in line with what I was saying. I believe that the impact of gestures and facial expressions is such that it can make or break a conversation and the same must have happened to me a lot of times but it only came about as a revelation to me during the last few days that I remained quiet and stopped making use of the gestures and facial expressions. It was indeed a very different experience for me to start living my life without getting happy or sad. Most important aspect was that I had to show a straight face at all times. I tried my best to be like this for the entire week and my perseverance paid rich dividends as I kept a low profile during this

A talk show Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A talk show - Essay Example Much like a caged lion, the already-burdened guest feels that he or she is being backed into a proverbial corner, forced to defend themselves against hostile strangers.  Much like a caged lion, the already-burdened guest feels that he or she is being backed into a proverbial corner, forced to defend themselves against hostile strangers.   The host and audience continue to try to break down these defenses with commentaries and verbal assaults against the guest, leading to erratic or violent explosions of anger.   Provoking hostility is not an ethical business behavior solely in the pursuit of gaining better ratings. Talk show hosts that engage in approval of psychological warfare have serious moral implications for society. When these hostile situations occur, it shows a breakdown of honorable and principled social behavior in contemporary society, illustrated by applauding audience members clearly entertained by guest aggression. Guests of talk shows should be treated with more sensitivity in order to avoid hostile outbursts and recognize their complex psychological needs in order to avoid future incidents of this type of behavior.

Criminal Justice and Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminal Justice and Policing - Essay Example you are a police officer from another state) or the police department’s off-duty powers of arrest policy, you may be permitted by law to conduct an arrest or not. As an officer of the law you will be obligated to follow the due process of the law. However before you make the actions specified above, you will need to first talk to your friend, telling him your concern and finding out whether he was privy to the cocaine snorting by his other friends. You should make it clear to him the consequences of cocaine possession and use with regards to the law. In reality, though, you will probably find cause to disassociate him from culpability. The issue raised here is a moral problem because it involves a difference of belief. Coleman (2004) says that the issue of police accepting small gifts has long been a source of contention the fear being that it could influence an officer’s judgment while dispensing his/her duties. The moral question here is whether gratuities affect an officer’s decision making or not. There is no policy or law that governs this issue and professional discretion has been used to determine which gifts an officer could accept and which ones he/she should not accept. It is this professional discretion that Kania (2004) refers to as a slippery slope. Kania (2004) further states that though the fruit basket for your family, Christmas card, and $30 gift certificate could be innocent with no expectations attached to them nevertheless they would increase bias to the officer. The rationale behind my action here would be that any officer who receives a gift would be inclined to spend more time on the merchant’s premises thereby providing the merchant a few extra minutes of private security. This would cause an imbalance in provision of services to the community which does not appeal to the professionalism required from a police officer. Moreover, in a perfect world, which is what we are striving for, there would

Oral history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oral history - Essay Example Mr Skipper, a supporter of the Democratic Party has had quite an interesting career with because of the all the issues and controversy surrounding his dismissal as county superintendent and his unending support for the vocational, adult, and special education of the minorities. He was an activist and this is apparent from his demands that all students should have equal access to text books and his conflicts with the religious leaders over high school play Mrs. Best Not only has Mrs Best campaigned very eagerly for the right of the women particularly married women to be in high level teaching jobs, she has also fought for the rights of school which have a majority of ethnic students to have better access to the state funding and textbooks. Skipper His record reflects his struggle as he spoke against racism and lay stress over the "cultural pluralism vs. "melting pot" issue. He created much controversy with his proposals to teach Communism and sex education in the classroom. Dick debates whether the Superintendent should be an administrator or a primarily an educator and the fear of politicizing this office. Yes she has played a vital role to get the

Assigment 1-1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assigment 1-1 - Assignment Example There are many forms of popular culture and some of these include Films, fashion, Music, advertising, sports and magazines Popular culture production comprises of two levels and they include the encoding level and the decoding level, encoding occurs at the industrial level where cultural text are proposed and put together to produce popular culture. The decoding level refers to consumption of these cultural texts, the decoding level refers to the interpretation of these cultural text by the audience, when the audience comes i9nto contact with the cultural text he or she interprets it differently. Before the cultural text is released for consumption the producers must first take into consideration the interpretation of this cultural text, this include its effect, its influence, whether it is entertaining and whether it instructs of persuades, other complex interpretations include cognitive, emotional, ideology and behaviour consequences. Production of popular culture is drawn from myths, beliefs, rituals and heroic ideals. Popular culture is proposed by the mass media and given that the audience is large it plays a major role in the society, Antonio Gramsci introduced the concept of hegemony, hegemony is the power that is exercised by one social group to win the consent of the less dominant group without using force, it is an ideology of the dominant group achieved by engineering consensus by controlling cultural forms, he stated that the church promoted the acceptance of beliefs and culture that benefited the ruling class and therefore the survival of capitalism was as a result of acceptance. The understanding of popular culture is important in business, popular culture is produced in order to shape the perception of the masses, therefore when businesses are selling their products they will have to propose certain popular culture in order for the consumers to accept the product, this can only be done through the mass media whereby a certain cultural text is

Individual Project Unit 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual Project Unit 5 - Essay Example As the business evolves, it would seem likely that a large amount of physical paperwork and electronic data begins to accumulate due to internal operations, record-keeping for items such as payroll, and simply copies of literature which is distributed to employees routinely. Further, there may also be a large amount of information stemming from marketing efforts or even graphic illustrations (depending on the nature of the company). It is no longer practical in todays business environment to have mountains of storage space available for items including bulky manual payroll slips or six-year old manuals that no longer serve a practical purpose in the evolving office environment. Having offered this, it becomes absolutely necessary to create a system of databases to store and transfer these operations-related documents. Managing the information would require the implementation of some sort of computer and software system designed around the specific needs of the business environment. For example, if the company had too many manual documents to flip through in order to find out about last years inventory-related purchase, an electronic system would accomplish this goal in a fraction of the time with a simple search through data storage. This type of search would free up the day-to-day activity schedule of each employee, giving them much more time to attend to productive business activities and boost profitability. The intranet is a popular method today of managing the internal movement of information from one employee (or division) to the next (Nickels, McHugh & McHugh, 2005). After analyzing budget requirements, if the funds were available, purchasing such software could enhance operations greatly and boost productivity. The Internet can drastically improve the business environment as it provides a broader forum to communicate to potential customers and advertise the business. Marketing professionals tend to agree that Internet marketing has shown marked

Unbending Gender Essay Example for Free

Unbending Gender Essay Domesticity is a â€Å"gender system† that delineates organization of market work and family work and the â€Å"gender norms that justify, sustain, and reproduce that organization†. This is how Joan Williams defined domesticity in her book entitled Unbending Gender: Why Family and Work Conflict and What to Do about It. Domesticity arose in the nineteenth century and it still remains entrenched in many forms in American Society today. This way of life separated market work and family work in both space and time. It sets up a system that market work is the realm of men while women are delegated to the sphere of â€Å"home making† and â€Å"parenting†. As a gender system, domesticity has two defining characteristics, Williams wrote. The first is that â€Å"organization of market work around the ideal of a worker who works full time and overtime and takes little or no time off for childbearing or child rearing†. The ideal workers in this system are those that can work full time, or in most cases with plenty of overtime. â€Å"Caregivers† or those assigned to the childbearing and rearing (women) cannot, therefore, perform as ideal workers given this structure. Thus the second defining characteristic of this system is â€Å"providing for caregiving by marginalizing caregivers, cutting them off from most of the social roles that offer responsibility and authority† (Williams, 1). This system of structuring market work and family work sustains the ideology of the defined roles of men and women. Men, who are supposedly aggressive and highly motivated, â€Å"naturally† belong to the market work. Women characterized as weak and soft belong to the home. Men provide for the needs of the family, taking very little time to participate in child rearing, leaving this mostly to women. This structure perpetuates the gender norms that define the role and performance of men as â€Å"breadwinner†, and women as â€Å"homemakers†. Before the nineteenth century market work and family work is the not isolated from each other. The rise of industries, businesses, and professionals, however, also created a new definition of the American middle class. It also brought forth new ideology about the home that arose from the new attitudes toward work and family. In article The Cult of Domesticity and True Womanhood the new middle class family is said to be different from the preindustrial family that may partly be the roots of this new ideology. These are: 1. A nineteenth-century middle-class family did not have to make what it needed in order to survive. Men could work in jobs that produced goods or services while their wives and children stayed at home. 2. When husbands went off to work, they helped create the view that men alone should support the family. Men belong in the public sphere or the world of work, and a woman’s place is the private sphere or home. 3. The middle-class family came to look at itself and at the nuclear family in general, as the backbone of society. (From The Cult of Domesticity and True Womanhood) The emergence of the market economy separated work away from home. Unlike before, the home is no longer seen as an economic unit in the community but rather as a self-contained unit separated the â€Å"rough world† of work. This new order of things created gender norms especially on women’s performance of duties as homemakers. They are expected to create a special place, â€Å"a refuge from the world where her husband could escape from the highly competitive, unstable, immoral world of business and industry†. Dubbed as the â€Å"Cult of Domesticity†, it espoused that True Women cultivate four virtues: piety, purity, submissiveness and domesticity. The virtue of piety is based on the belief that women are more religious than men. Religion is within the women’s sphere. Modern young women of the nineteenth century were also expected exercise purity in words, thoughts and deeds. Woman’s sexual purity is highly valued. Virginity is seen as the greatest treasure that a woman can bestow on her husband. Good women are also expected to keep in control men’s sexual needs and desires. The natural order of things also requires women to be submissive to fate, to duty, to God and to men. The Young Ladies Book summarized the passive virtues necessary in women: â€Å"It is certain that in whatever situation of life a woman is placed from her cradle to her grave, a spirit of obedience and submission, pliability of temper, and humility of mind are required of her† (qtd. In The Cult of Domesticity and True Womanhood).

How Can a Nurse Improve and Develop Professional Identity?

How Can a Nurse Improve and Develop Professional Identity? According to DeJong 2014, professionalism can be defined as the means of acting in an acceptable and appropriate way while adhering to a professional code of conduct. It also means completing given tasks and responsibilities on time. On the other hand a Professional identity can be described as a set of principles that define a person in their professional career. A professional identity can also be defined according to the attitudes, beliefs, experiences, ideals, professional involvement, need for advancement and codes of a given career. These virtues determine the kind of people we interact with in our lines of profession. These experiences and professional interactions tend to define ones professional identity. In the line of nursing professionalism is significantly essential if nurses are expected to provide quality and effective services and care to their clients and to the population as a whole. In health care Professionalism is regarded as a bridge between the interests of the nurse and the needs of society. It is evident that better professionalism is associated with good medical care and better health outcomes in general. (DeJong et al 2014). Nurses need to be able to develop and improve their imaginative and creative skills in order to attain and improve effective patient care. In a research by O’Brien, Strzyzewski and Szpara 2013, on nurses working in the surgical department it was found that by creating an organized process of educational projects to encourage, support and promote professionalism nurses were able to improve their professional identity and complete their practice successfully safely and effectively. In order to achieve the best results Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) and Educational Nurse Coordinators (ENCs) in the surgical unit developed meetings for nurses with the medical librarians and unit leaders. Teaching was carried out by use of posters and oral presentations. Through this nurses were able to master effective ways of generating ideas and implementing them to complete projects. (O’Brien, Strzyzewski and Szpara 2013). There are many factors that influence professional competence for nurses for example organization of work, personal characteristics, cognitive abilities and clinical knowledge. In order for a nurse to be able to undergo Professional growth they need to be committed to their work in order to able to fulfill their work tasks. Professional identity is usually accompanied by the workers’ self-concept; self-respect, identity, essential nature, team spirit and values. Moreover for a nurse to improve their professional identity they need to be flexible and resilient in their field of work. This means that nurses need to believe in oneself and be willing to take risks. In addition to that they have a career insight in order to be able to establish realistic career goals by being aware of their strengths and weaknesses. (Tamm 2010). There are some inevitable factors in the health sector that demand for professional growth and that has impact on the management, employers and the employees. First creation of new knowledge, there are changes in the scientific and technical knowledge every few years which demand nurses to update their education levels from time to time. Secondly technological innovations are taking place so rapidly that nurses have to be willing to sharpen their skills and change with the changing times. Lastly, the upcoming of more challenging tasks demands for professional development in order for nurses to be able to cope efficiently. (Willetts and Clarke 2012). Development of professional identity according to Tamm 2010, starts with how individuals view their work roles and how good they manage their work life and related practices. Moreover professional identity is a process of becoming independent and having self-awareness through work. For a nurse to be able to develop and improve their identity they first have to have a professional self-concept and respect, in short they need to accept their roles as nurses. Nurses begin to build their professional identities during their study period and continue to develop all through their work life. Development of professional identity is a life course process comprising of different stages. Which range from novice to expert. (Tamm et al 2010). In conclusion development is accompanied by professional maturity which is a nurse’s preparedness to handle work tasks in different phases of their work. Nurses need to be cognitively prepared, this means that they need to have sufficient knowledge on principles of health care to be able to apply them in real life situations. In additional to that nurse need to have knowledge on the nature of the profession and the occupational sphere. (Willetts et al 2012). In my opinion there are numerous number of factors that have effect on the development and improvement on a nursing professional identity. I have learnt a lot of new information from this assignment. It is a broad topic and I feel I still have a whole lot more to learn about developing my professional identity in the future. REFERENCES D. O’Brien, N. Strzyzewski and T.Szpara 2013, Getting to Success: Supporting Staff Nurses to Enhance Practice and Professionalism. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. Volume 28, Issue 3, June 2013, Pages e34  Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1089947213002037#  Accessed 7th September 2014 G. Willetts and D.Clarke 2012 The shaping of Professional Identity in Nursing: An ethnographic Case Study  Available: http://global-qhr.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Abstracts.pdf Accessed 7th September 2014  S .M. DeJong 2014 Chapter One–What is Professionalism? Social Media and Online Professionalism in Health Care 2014, Pages 1–11  Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124081284000011  Accessed 7th September 2014 Tiia Tamm, 2010 Professional Identity and Self-concept of Estonian Social Workers .University of Tampere  Available: http://tampub.uta.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/66631/978-951-44-8115-4.pdf?sequence=1#page=69zoom=180,-4,613  Accessed 7th September 2014 Stem Bark Extracts of Anthocleista: Antioxidant Properties Stem Bark Extracts of Anthocleista: Antioxidant Properties Original 1 Research Article PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES  OF STEM BARK EXTRACTS OF ANTHOCLEISTA NOBILIS ABSTRACT Aim: This study was carried out to determine the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of extracts  of Anthocleista nobilis. Methodology: Acetone and methanol extracts of A. nobilis were investigated for their free radical scavenging activities in the presence of diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) using ascorbic acid as positive control. Results: In the phytochemical screening of the plant extracts, results showed that both extracts recorded the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and glycosides. The acetone and methanol extracts of A. nobilis exhibited significant free radical scavenging activities in the DPPH assay with the  acetone extract recording better activity. The antioxidant activity of the two extracts was however, lower than that recorded by the positive control-ascorbic acid. Conclusion: The result suggests that the extracts have potential antioxidant properties which could be  exploited in medicine and food industry. Keyword: Anthocleista nobilis, antioxidant, DPPH. 1. INTRODUCTION Plants have been utilized by humans to treat various infectious and non-infectious diseases since the  beginning of time as they constitute a reliable source of therapy. In addition, they are also the primary  source for many of today’s medicines [1,2,3]. For instance, purified secondary metabolites such as vinca alkaloids are used widely in cancer chemotherapy [4].Quinine and artemisinin, derived from the  bark of the cinchona and qinghaosu trees respectively and their derivatives have been widely used for  the treatment of malaria [5,6,7]. Some of these secondary metabolites are synthesized for specific purposes by plants. Others may be  by-products of plant metabolism which currently have no known biological function. Hydroxylated  coumarins have been reported to accumulate in carrots in response to fungal invasion [8],  glucosinolates, recognized for their antimicrobial properties[9], have also been reported in Brassia  rapa in response to fungal infection/attack [10]. These secondary metabolites fall under one of the major phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins,  glycosides, steroids, terpenes, etc. Although these compounds are known to be bioactive, a lot is yet  to known about their mechanisms of action. Some of these groups of compounds such as flavonoids,  proanthocyanidins and tannins are polyphenols or phenolic [11]. Phenolics are known for their  antioxidant properties [12]. Antioxidants are molecules that halt oxidation processes while the molecules get oxidized in the  process. The antioxidant activity of phenolics is derived from their ability to act as reducing agents,  donating hydrogen, electrons and stabilizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) [13]. ROS such as  hydroxyl radicals (OH.), superoxide anion radicals (O2  .) and singlet oxygen (145 O2) have been implicated  in many disease processes such cancer, diabetes, ageing, atherosclerosis and neurodegeneration[14]. Consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables rich in plant polyphenols(antioxidants) as food has  been reported as a protection against several diseases which include cancer, cardiovascular  diseases, diabetes, asthma etc. [15] suggesting that the mechanism of action of the secondary  metabolites can be traced to their antioxidant properties. ROS can cause the deterioration of food by  causing lipid peroxidation. The rancid odor and taste of lipid containing food such as palm oil occur as  result of lipid peroxidation which in turn affects the nutritional value and safety 52 of such food items  [16]. Recently, the use of synthetic preservatives and other additives has been linked to increased  prevalence of cancer. For instance, sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite used to preserve processed  meat has been implicated in bowel cancer [17]. As a result, the demand for natural food preservatives  has been rising steadily [14] and that prompted the European Union funded AGROCOS to include the  replacement of synthetic preservatives and other ingredients as part of the FP7 research topics which  has yielded about 30 natural compounds for the food and cosmetic industries presently being further  tested by Greek and German companies [18]. Anthocleista nobilis which is commonly called the candelabrum or cabbage tree in English language,  Duwa Kuchi in Nupe language, Kwari in Hausa language and Apa Ora in Yoruba language belongs to  the family Loganiaceae [19]. Anthocleista nobilisis used in local medicine in parts of West Africa for  curing fever, stomach ache, diarrhoea, and gonorrhoea, and are also aspoultice for sores [20,21]. The  present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant properties of extracts of Anthocleista nobilis  by measuring their free radical scavenging properties with aim of confirming the ethnobotanical use  and assessing their suitability as preservatives in the food industry. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Sample collection The stem barks of A. nobilis were collected in March, 2014 from Ezza Community in Ebonyi state,  Nigeria. They were identified by a plant taxonomist in the Department of Pharmacognosy and  Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.  The plant material was pulverized into fine powder using a mechanical grinding machine. 2.2 Extraction   500 g of thepulverized plant was macerated in 1 Liter of acetone and methanol respectively for 48  hrs.The mixture was sieved using porcelain cloth and was further filtered using No. 1 Whatman filter  Ã‚  paper. The filtrate was concentrated using rotary evaporator and the crude concentrate was then  stored at 4o80 C until required for further experiment. 2.3 Phytochemical Screening   In the phytochemical analysis of the extracts of A. nobilis stem barks, tests for alkaloids, tannins,  saponins, flavonoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, and terpenoids were carried out using standard  methods reported by Trease and Evans [19]. 2.4 In vitro free radical scavenging activity of the extract (Diphenyl dipicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free  radical scavenging activity) The free radical scavenging activity of the various extracts and ascorbic acid was measured with  DPPH. Three (3) mL of DPPH in methanol solution was added 100 ÃŽ ¼L of different concentrations of  extracts (10-1000 ÃŽ ¼g/mL). After 30 minutes, the absorbances of the extract solutions ion methanol  were measured at 517 nm after calibration with methanol. Lower absorbance indicated higher free  radical scavenging activity. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was expressed as IC50 which was  defined as the concentration of the extracts that inhibited the formation of DPPH radical by 50 %. Each  experiment was carried out in triplicate. The average absorbance for each triplicate was calculated  and the percentage inhibition of the extracts at different doses calculated using the formula:   %Inhibition 100 o s o A A x A −   Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ½ Where Ao is absorbance of control and As the absorbance of tested extracts. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The antioxidant activity of the extracts of A. nobilis was investigated and the results were compared to  Ã‚  that of ascorbic acid which was used as the positive control. The results are shown in Figures 1. Also,  Ã‚  the result of the phytochemical analysis links the presence of flavonoids and other polyphenols to the  Ã‚  antioxidant activities observed. Different levels of the secondary metabolites based on the tests  Ã‚  carried out were observed as displayed in Table 1. Table 1. Result of the Phytochemical Analysis of A. nobilis Extracts UNDER PEER REVIEW Alkaloids Tannins Saponins Flavonoids Glycosides Terpenoids Steroids Methanol extract ++ +++ ++ + ++ Acetone extract + ++ ++ + ++ +++ = Abundantly present; ++ = Moderately present; += Mildly 108 present; =Absent Figure 1. Comparison between free radical scavenging activities of acetone and methanol  extracts of A. nobilis and ascorbic acid determined using DPPH. IC50 for Acetone extract= 400  ÃŽ ¼g/mL; Methanol extract= 800 ÃŽ ¼g/mL; Ascorbic acid= 30 ÃŽ ¼g/mL. The bark of A. nobilis is used as warm expellant and as antimalarial remedy amongst other  Ã‚  ethnobotanical uses by the Ezza people in Nigeria. The result of this study showed that the crude  Ã‚  extracts showed significant antioxidant properties with the acetone extract of A. nobilis recording an  Ã‚  IC50 of 400 ÃŽ ¼g/ml. The methanol extract of A. nobilis had the lowest antioxidant activity with an IC50 of  Ã‚  800 ÃŽ ¼g/mL.   However, the acetone extract of A. nobilis which had the best antioxidant activity compared to the  methanol extract had moderate presence of terpenoids, flavonoids and tannins. Flavonoids and  Ã‚  tannins are polyphenols which are known to have potent antioxidant properties due to there reducing  Ã‚  ability [23]. The lower activity observed can be explained by the fact that flavonoids only exihibit  Ã‚  antioxidant properties if features such ortho-dihydroxy substitution in the B-ring, C2-C3 double bond  Ã‚  and a carbonyl group in C-4 of the C-ring are present [24]. Quercetin is a good example of a flavonoid  Ã‚  with such structural features and it has a high antioxidant property [25]. Although the free radical scavenging activities observed for the extracts were not as much as that  observed for ascorbic acid which was the positive control, the antioxidant activity of the extracts, can  be said to be significant considering that the extracts were in the crude form. Further purification of the  aqueous extract is expected to produce pure compounds with improved antioxidant property. 4. CONCLUSION The findings of this study reveal that Anthocleista nobilis possess antioxidant property. This provides a  scientific basis for the ethnomedicinal utilization of this plant. The antioxidant property of this plant  may qualify it for use as preservatives of natural origin in the food industry. Further tests are needed to explore the exact mechanism of action at the molecular level and to know the actual 138 constituents  responsible for these activities. %inhibition Concentration(ÃŽ ¼g/ml) % Inhibition Versus Concentration Acetone extract Methanol extract Ascorbic acid UNDER PEER REVIEW REFERENCES Krishna S, Bustamante L, Haynes RK, Staines HM, Artemisinins: their growing importance in  medicine. Trends PharmacolSci. 2008, 29(10):520-527. Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M, Ohadinia S, Jamshidi AH, Khani M, Melissa  officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: a double  blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial. J Neurol, Neurosurgery Psych. 2003, 74(7):863-866. Luciano-Montalvo C, Boulogne I, Gavillà ¡n-Suà ¡rez J. A screening for activities of Carribean herbal  remedies. BMC Comp Alter med. 2013, 13:126. Sahenk Z, Brady ST, Mendell JR. Studies on the pathogenesis of vincristine-induced  neuropathy. Muscle Nerve. 1987, 10(1):80-84. Haynes RK, Krishna S: Artemisinins, activities and actions. Microb Infect. 2004, 6(14):1339-1346.   Bucher C, Sparr C, Schweizer WB, Gilmour R, Fluorinated Quinine Alkaloids, Synthesis, X-ray  Structure Analysis and Antimalarial Parasite Chemotherapy. Chem-A Euro J. 2009, 15(31):7637-77. Wright C, Plant derived antimalarial agents, new leads and challenges, PhytochemRev. 2005, 4(1):55-61. Darvill, A. G. and Albersheim, P.: Phytoalexins and their elicitors a defense against microbial  infection in plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol. 1984, 35:243-275. Al-Gendy AA, El-gindi OD, Hafez AS, Ateya AM, Glucosinolates, volatile constituents and  biological activities of Erysimum corinthium Boiss. (Brassicaceae). Food Chem.  2010, 118(3):519-524. Abdel-Farid IB, Jahangir M, van den Hondel CAMJJ, Kim HK, Choi YH, Verpoorte R: Fungal  infection-induced metabolites in Brassica rapa. Plant Sci. 2009, 176:608-615. Cowan M, Plant products as antimicrobial agents, Clinical Microbiol Rev. 1999, 12:564-582 Khan RA, Khan MR, Sahreen S, Ahmed M. Evaluation of phenolic contents and antioxidantactivity  of various solvent extracts of Sonchusasper (L.) Hill. Chem Central J. 2012, 6:12 Huda-Faujan N, Noriham A, Norrakiah AS, Babji AS, Antioxidant activity of plants methanolic  extracts containing phenolic compounds.African JBiotech.2009, 8:484-489 Saeed N, Khan MR, Shabbir M. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and totalflavonoid contents of  whole plant extracts of Torilis leptophylla. LBMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine.  2012,12:221-233. Pandey KB, Rizvi SI, Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease. Oxid  Med Cell Longev. 2009, 2: 270–278. Monica Leopoldini M, Russo N, Toscano M, The molecular basis of working mechanism of natural  polyphenolic antioxidants Food Chem 2011, 125:288-306. Zhu H, Yang X, Zhang C, Zhu C, Tao G, Zhao L, Shu, Z, Cai J, Dai, S, Qin, Q, Xu, L, Cheng H,  Tang T, Sun X. Red and processed meat intake is associated with higher gastric cancer risk: a  meta-analysis of epidemiological observational studies Plos one 2013, 8:1-10. ESASTAP (2014). EU Project hunts for natural substitutes for synthetics.  http://www.esastap.org.za/news/20140911.php (accessed 27/09/2014).  Ã‚   Ayodele PO, Okonko IO, Evans E, Okerentugba PO, Nwanze JC, Onoh CC. Effect of  AnthocleistaNobilis Root Extract on the Haematological Indices of Poultry Chicken Challenged  with Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV). Science and Nature.2013, 2(2): 65-73. Irvine, FR. Woody plants of Ghana. Oxford University Press, London, UK.1961. pp.194, 208, 548. Dokosi, OB. Herbs of Ghana. Ghana Universities Press. 1998. pp. 615-623. Trease GE, Evans WC. Pharmacognosy.11th Edn, Balliere and Tindall. Eastbourne, London  1983, pp: 243-551. Rodrigues HG, Diniz YS, Faine LA, Galhardi CM, Burneiko RC, Almeida JA, Ribas BO, Novelli EL,  Antioxidant effect of saponin: potential action of a soybean flavonoid on glucose tolerance and risk  factors for atherosclerosis.Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2005. 56(2):79-85. Chen Y, Miao Y, Huang L, Li J, Sun H, Zhao Y, Yang JY, Zhou W. Antioxidant activities of  saponins extracted from Radix trichosanthis: an in vivo and in vitro evaluation. BMC Complement  Ã‚  Alt Med.2014,14:86-94. Zhang H, Zhou Q, Tyrosinase Inhibitory Effects and Antioxidative Activities of Saponins from  XanthocerasSorbifolia Nutshell, PlosOne 2013, 8:e70090-e70096

Gender Analysis of Anna and the King Essay -- Movie Film Anna King ess

Gender Analysis of Anna and the King If you are not the lead elephant, the scenery never changes. (Moonshee, Anna’s servant) One of the main issues in â€Å"Anna and the King† is the differences between men and women. What is less obvious is that those differences are of two types: the existing inequality of the social status of men and women, and the ways in which men and women try to deal with (end or prolong) this inequality. First of all, let us observe the structure of the Thai society. Men occupy the dominant position in all aspects of life from top to bottom of the Thai social structure. The King rules the society, and men enforce all the laws and government regulations (we see no women participating in the King’s council or in any government office). In addition to that, the ritual and custom behavior point to the humiliating position of women in Thai culture. According to Prince Chulalongkorn, men never apologize to women. The body language of the relationship between the two genders in the movie indicates that a woman always bows in the presence of a man and usually stays bowed until he dismisses her. All these customs, laws, and regulations separate Thai society into two unequal classes: men and women. In the situation of inequality, there is always a group of people who are not satisfied with the life around them. We will call them the agents of change. Although, the women in Thai society are very submissive, we can observe the attempts to change their life and/or social status. For example, the slave woman acts directly. She pays money to her mistress to buy her freedom (i.e. to change her life). She is acting according to the law that â€Å"bond-servants have the right to buy their own freedom.† However, her a... ...country to change: the King. He invites the â€Å"imperialistic† teacher to teach his eldest son. Why? In the letter confirming Anna’s employment, the King says that he wanted Siam â€Å"to take its place among the nations of the modern world.† As a man and as a king, he acts very carefully. He wants to ensure that in his country â€Å"no man is above the law.† He does not make any extraordinary changes, but he allows Anna to teach his children anything she wants (he knows Anna’s liberal position). His decision determines the future of Siam: his son abolishes slavery, institutes religious freedom and reforms the judicial system. In conclusion, we should say that it does not matter how big the social separation between men and women is and how unequal their statuses are – there are always ways to make that gap smaller, but this requires efforts on the part of both men and women. Gender Analysis of Anna and the King Essay -- Movie Film Anna King ess Gender Analysis of Anna and the King If you are not the lead elephant, the scenery never changes. (Moonshee, Anna’s servant) One of the main issues in â€Å"Anna and the King† is the differences between men and women. What is less obvious is that those differences are of two types: the existing inequality of the social status of men and women, and the ways in which men and women try to deal with (end or prolong) this inequality. First of all, let us observe the structure of the Thai society. Men occupy the dominant position in all aspects of life from top to bottom of the Thai social structure. The King rules the society, and men enforce all the laws and government regulations (we see no women participating in the King’s council or in any government office). In addition to that, the ritual and custom behavior point to the humiliating position of women in Thai culture. According to Prince Chulalongkorn, men never apologize to women. The body language of the relationship between the two genders in the movie indicates that a woman always bows in the presence of a man and usually stays bowed until he dismisses her. All these customs, laws, and regulations separate Thai society into two unequal classes: men and women. In the situation of inequality, there is always a group of people who are not satisfied with the life around them. We will call them the agents of change. Although, the women in Thai society are very submissive, we can observe the attempts to change their life and/or social status. For example, the slave woman acts directly. She pays money to her mistress to buy her freedom (i.e. to change her life). She is acting according to the law that â€Å"bond-servants have the right to buy their own freedom.† However, her a... ...country to change: the King. He invites the â€Å"imperialistic† teacher to teach his eldest son. Why? In the letter confirming Anna’s employment, the King says that he wanted Siam â€Å"to take its place among the nations of the modern world.† As a man and as a king, he acts very carefully. He wants to ensure that in his country â€Å"no man is above the law.† He does not make any extraordinary changes, but he allows Anna to teach his children anything she wants (he knows Anna’s liberal position). His decision determines the future of Siam: his son abolishes slavery, institutes religious freedom and reforms the judicial system. In conclusion, we should say that it does not matter how big the social separation between men and women is and how unequal their statuses are – there are always ways to make that gap smaller, but this requires efforts on the part of both men and women.

Langston Hughes :: Biography Biographies

Langston hughes and his significance as a black american and as a poet Langston Hughes was famous for his poetry, which helped to fuel the civil rights movement. His poetry also earned him fame but he still seemed to remain financially disabled. He didn't get much recognition for his poetry until after he died. Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri into an abolitionist family. Hughes hated his father and he was passed around between his different family members and family friend. Hughes began writing poetry in the seventh grade and when he graduated he was selected as the Class Poet. His father did not believe that he could make a living out of being a writer but he paid his tuition to college so his son could be an engineer. Langston continued to write poetry however and he dropped out of college with a B+ average. His significance was shown when he became one of the leaders of a movement, called the Harlem Renaissance. It spawned a whole new age of thinking and development. He helped prove to people that he and his fellow Negroes were part of America and her spirit. His poems "I, Too" and "Dinner Guest: Me" talk of how he and his people are this spirit. Hughes Black American roots and his sense of racial equality was what fueled most, if not all, of his poems. Growing up when Black Americans had no rights and had separate everything's was difficult for any black man living then. But he turned his feelings into beautiful poetry. Hughes poetry helped a lot of people out. He inspired many people during the civil rights movement and he gave hope to others with his unique perspective. His poems tend to be about social injustice save but a few. His poem, "Ballad of the Landlord" speaks of racial injustice as well as the discrimination of social classes.

Abortion is a Necessary Alternative Essay -- pro choice abortion

Abortion is not as harmful as its opponents claim it to be. Instead of viewing abortion as "murder," society as a whole must consider abortion as a necessary alternative. Abortion can save a woman's life, physically, mentally, and emotionally. In today's society, the following reasons clearly impact the abortion dilemma. First, the definition of "life" the anti-abortionists provide us with is self-contradictory. Second, abortions are safer than ever in the past. Third, abortions help society avoid the challenges caused by unwanted children. Fourth, abortions benefit the mother's emotional life. Finally, abortion has its consent from the Bible. Therefore, abortion in the United States of America should remain legal. The anti-abortionist argument can be very well refuted because many professionals say that the "biological" or "life" argument the anti-abortionists use is wrong. According to embryologist Charles Gardner (Podell 64), "the Ôbiological' argument that a human being is created at fertilization contradicts all that we have learned in the past few decades." Another embryologist, C. R., Austin notes (Kamm 212), "fertilization does not confer genetic uniqueness -- this is achieved as a consequence of the first meiotic division, which takes place just before ovulation." Although necessary DNA unequivocally exists for the first time at conception, C. R. Austin informs us that (Kamm 231), "the information required to make an eye or finger does not exist in the fertilized egg. It exists in the positions and interactions of cells and molecules that will be formed only at a later time." Besides, if anti-abortionists are claiming that ensoulment takes place at conception, then what happens whe n twins are born? They grow from the ... ... was introduced to man, man had morals : these morals helped man distinguish what was right from wrong. America was built on morals based on Judeo-Christianity, thus, we were all created equal. America is a country where everyone has the same rights. And one right, regarding bearing children, effect women. But for the anti-abortionists, who will hopefully be a little less narrow-minded and a little more compassionate, perhaps the argument provided in this thesis can help to provide a bridge or two across the gap between "pro-choice" and "pro-life." Every woman deserves a right to choose an abortion. Works Cited Patricia Lunneborg, Abortion: A Positive Decision (New York: Bergin & Garvey, 1992) Kamm, F. M. Creation and Abortion: A Study in Moral and Legal Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 1992. Janet Podell, Abortion (Reference Shelf, Vol 62, No 4)

Marketing Concepts Essay

Therefore the customer wins and so does nokia, as nokia once again are satisfying the need of support their customers request andIn Conclusion, Marketing isn’t just a posh name for selling; in fact selling is part of the marketing component. It is the process of communicating; selling is the delivery of a product to the potential customer, converting them into actual customers. Whilst it can be assumed that marketing is a posh name for selling, the difference that separates both areas is evident through simple definition and actual process. In order to sell, the consumer must want, need and afford the product, therefore without the process of research, development and catering to the consumers needs, (Marketing) – Selling would not be as profitable. An organisation that fails to provide marketing will allow itself to be a business that is hoping to simply sell its products by having it available, assuming the consumers will purchase its product. Whereas an organisation that adapts the marketing concept, caters for the consumer’s wants, needs, price range, customer service, through the research of its objective and the development of these objectives, along with achieving the business goals of the calculated profit it ‘Intends’ to make prior sale. Using the example of Nokia, it is clearly evident that an organisation can only obtain worldwide success through the power of marketing. Should Nokia simply release products to a store without communicating with its consumers, the organisation would be no better off than a market stall that is ‘attempting’ to Sell its products. Instead, Nokia markets its brands and as a result has successfully pre sold its brand with complete knowledge of its consumers wants and needs. For example Nokia markets and provides products for its Personal and Business consumers where as an organisation selling phones, would simply have a range ‘for sale’. Finally, marketing is the process of identifying a need and communicating a message relating to satisfaction of the need through a product to its customer. The marketing process informs the market of who you are and what you do, whilst the sales process begins when a formal offer for services has been made, and concludes when the offer is accepted or rejected. In Conclusion, Marketing isn’t just a posh name for selling; in fact selling is part of the marketing component. An organisation can improve its marketing activities through implementing the marketing concept as this will:* Develop key competencies of knowledge, experience, commitment and communications* Develop strategies through overcoming areas of weakness or threats by competitors through understanding the needs/wants of their customers* Maintain the organisations vision, focus is crucial for the development of objectives and the achievement of these objectives* Allows an organisation to Define, Develop and Deliver Customer Value which in turn will create greater customer loyalty leading to profit creation

Listening Skill

Listening sciences be very important in routine life. One must understand what mountain ar saying and what is happening round them. In lay out for this to be cast off stiffly, ace must be an spry att determinati unitaryr. This is fulfilld when the pick uper is audience for importation when the perceiveer checks if the statement has been heard and understood castigately. The design of this is to improve mutual understanding. many people believe that listen skills are taught when in elementary school or during childhood.Truthfully, single feces never reall(a)y memorise all the skills and apply them all the time. Many times people get outing be listen to more or lessone conference save in their head will be thinking round something else, or yet be distracted by something that is termination on around them. on that pointfore, to become a better listener, one must make eye contact with the speaker, observe the speakers doings and body wording and m anagewise rephrase the speakers words and drop a line them d feature as nones. Having favourable listening skills may come in accommodating in a word form of situations.For example, during class, plot taking nones, during a job interview, magical spell interviewing a person, during counselling, while having a impressive conversation with a fri culmination or loved one, or while on the job, especially in a journalistic setting. In groups, listening skills may encourage attain better information and look for or even assist in r all(prenominal)ing a compromise or conclusion. Being a trus dickensrthy listener has its benefits. By having good listening skills one brush a spatial relation avoid having mi cheerderstanding, resolve conflicts, pick up people to open up, and build trust.In order to develop bookmans listening skill, t from each oneers should make pupils listen to songs, rhymes and stories. To show their understanding of what they have heard, pupils can be aske d to answer questions that require them to post out ideas, give details and even take to task about the ideas heard. 1 Here, I will state the object glasss, rationale and steps of the listening skill drill. a)Objectives of the employment By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to a)Listen to dewy-eyed lilliputian stories and recall the names of people, animals and thing. b)Listen to simple misfortunate stories and recall the bill-line by answering simpleWh-questions. c)Listen to simple miserable stories and shared savourings about the reputation. b)Rationale of the natural process This application all scholarly persons to become sprightly participants in the listening process sort of than passive listeners. It encourages interaction by give out listening and expose pupils to a variety of voices beside the teachers voice. It in any case develops their skill to listen well and become more(prenominal) independent learners. Pupils are able to honk their ac curacy and refine their understanding of grammar and also develop their knowledge wording. c)Steps of the activity )Teacher asks pupils to listen to the myopic bill in the CD player. b)Pupils listen to the study and teacher asks pupils on the character mentioned in the story. c)Pupils listen to the short story for the second time. d) Teacher distri neverthelesses the worksheets for the pupils to answer. 2 e)Pupils listen to the story a murder for the triplet time and answer the questions condition in the worksheet. f)Teacher discusses answers with pupils and talks about the story. d)Sample of worksheet for listening activity Instruction Listen to the short story and answer the questions. 1.How many outsized crazy weeds does the pissing supply toter have? AHe has one intumescent crazy weed. BHe has cardinal large rears. CHe has three large quids. 2. Where is the peeing aircraft carrier passing play? AHe is going to his friends ho example. BHe is going to the ski ppers ho aim. CHe is going to the mi purees ho put on. 3. How many fundaments of body of irrigate does he furnish? AHe delivers one and a fractional pails of peeing. BHe delivers devil and a fractional pails of water. CHe delivers three and a half pails of water. 4. Who talked to the water common carrier? AThe sunlight talked to the water immune carrier. BThe flowers talked to the water bearer.CThe balmy pot talked to the water bearer. 5. Why did the cracked pot feel ashamed? AHis pot was empty. BHis pot was full of water. CHis pot was scarce half full of water. 6. What did the cracked pot do along the air? AHe looked at the reverse lightning grass. BHe looked some small stones. CHe looked at the senselesserness flowers. 7. Who set the informant? AThe water bearer. BThe cracked pot. C The water bearers acquire 8. Who watered the wild flowers? AThe skipper watered the wild flowers. BThe water bearer watered the wild flowers. CThe cracked pot watered the wild flo wers. 9. What did the cracked pot see along the path? AHe power saw the sun and grass.BHe saw the sun and wild flowers. CHe saw the wild flowers and the master. 4 10. What did the water bearer do with the wild flowers? AHe decorated the masters room. BHe decorated the masters table. CHe decorated the masters kitchen. e)Examples of responses, the evaluation criteria and label allocation for assessing students responses During the activity, the student listens to a passage instead of pictureing material it. Since listening performance is strongly influenced by motivation and memory, the passages are minutely elect so that it is short and pleaseing.While listening the student have to answer 10 multiple-choice questions that address various levels of literal and illative comprehension. The multiple-choice questions are focus on the passage listened by the students from the CD player. after(prenominal) the activity, the answers for the multiple-choice questions are disposed to the students. For each correct answer, the students will be given 2 attach so if the students amaze all questions correct, he or she will get 20 label. 5 f)Assessment criteria and diffusion of mark related to the precise objective of activity Rubrics of listening activityBANDS thin fine WEAK VERY WEAK get ahead 16 20 11 15 6 10 0 5 This worksheet contains 10 multiple-choice questions. from each one correct item is awarded 2 marks. The maximum bare-assed score a student can achieve on the worksheet is 20 marks. There are quaternion criteria of band for the listening activity. The band starts from very weak, weak, satisfactory and excellent. Each band represents a score of 5 marks. 6 SPEAKING SKILL consort to the Oxford Dictionary of Current side of meat (2009), address is the action of assumeing information or expressing ones thoughts and feelings in spoken languages.Chaney (1998), however, considered intercommunicate a process of building and sharing sum throu gh the use of oral or non-verbal symbols in variety of contexts. Sharing the like viewpoint, Flores (1999) added that public oratory is an interactive process, which consists of three important stages which are producing, receiving and processing information. In language teaching and learning, speak is considered a skill to practise and master. In the light, Nunan (2003) put it that speaking is the productive oral skill.It consists of producing systematic verbal utterance to convey meaning. Bygate (1987) investigated the distinction between noesis and skill in speaking lesson, which he considered as crucial in the teaching of speaking. Indeed, to be a good learner of speaking, studying knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, orthoepy, transition, etc, is not enough dormant the skill to use this knowledge to communicate successfully is indispensable. In the classroom, pupils should be given lots of opportunities to talk in class so that they gain confidence to speak in the langua ge.Opportunities should be given to pupils to role-play, participate in period of play activities that make them use the language adequate for the role or situation. In this respect, orthodontic braces or group work activities bequeath for all pupils to engage in speaking activities at the same time. Pupils should also be encouraged to talk in English to other pupils and teachers in school. Here, I will state the objectives, rationale and steps of the speaking skill activity. a)Objectives of the activity By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to a)Retell stories heard earlier with expression. )Talk about the actions of people, animals or things in the story heard or read. c)Give reasons why one likes or dislike the story.7 b)Rationale of the activity This activity helps student to increase their academic knowledge and encourages their intellectual curiosity. Speaking activity also strengthens the ability to analyse and evaluate topics of interest and fosters independen t learning. It also promotes awareness of the request for opinions coupled with knowledge and it involves the process of careful thought prior to reaching a conclusion or making a decision to dopt a belief or course of action. Not forgetting where it also promotes lively thinking of the students. c)Steps of the activity a)Teacher asks pupils to read the short story, The Cracked tin can. b)Pupils read and understand the story. c)Teacher asks pupil to summarize the story in their own word. d) Teacher asks a a couple of(prenominal) wh-questions to the pupils establish on the story. e)Pupils give reason why the like or dislike the characters or story.d)Sample of worksheet for speaking activity Instruction Ret aged the story read. Answer a few questions found on the story. Tell ones like or dislikes. Example of questions 1. How many large pots does the water bearer have? 2. Where is the water bearer going? 3. How many pots of water does he deliver? 8 4. Who talked to the water bear er? 5. Why did the cracked pot feel ashamed? 6. What did the cracked pot do along the way? 7. Who planted the seed? e)Examples of responses, the evaluation criteria and marks allocation for assessing students responses During the activity, the pupils read the short story, The Cracked Pot given by teacher.Then, the teacher asks pupils to retell the story utilize their own word. Teacher allocates marks when pupils retold the story. After that, teacher asks a few questions based on the story. Finally, teacher asks the pupils whether they like or dislike the story. For each activity, marks are awarded based on their fluency, grammar and pronunciation. The marks given are according to the marks given. f)Assessment criteria and distri scarceion of marks related to the specific objective of activity Rubrics of listening activity ACHIEVEMET SCORE CONSTRUCT BAND DESCRIPTORSEXCELLENT 12 15 Grammar & diction pure use of sentence structures to convey think meaning effectively- illuminate and accurate use of grammatical structures- Interesting expression employ Appropriately pronunciation& transition delicate pronunciation and intonation to convey think meaning correctly- very(prenominal) clear articulation, phrasing and word stress Fluency & measure Very fluent reference- Very vapid flow of unyielding ideas presented through the effective use of discourse markers Ethics & airs serve with excellent mannerism development well-mannered expressions and utterances- point interest and intensity GOOD 8 11 Grammar & dictionary Correct use of sentence structures to convey intended meaning effectively Correct use of grammatical structures- Good check up on of language in terms of the grasp of vocabulary and expressions used with minor slips that do not disrupt meaning Pronunciation& Intonation Correct pronunciation and intonation most of the time with occasional slips- Very clear articulation, choice of words and word stress Fluency & me asure Fluent speech with occasional pauses- Smooth flow of coherent ideas presented through the effective use of discourse markers Ethics & airs Respond with good and appropriate mannerism using polite expressions and utterances- verbalise some interest and nthusiasm copasetic 4 7 Grammar & Vocabulary hunky-dory use of sentence structures with some errors but if meaning is generally clear- Adequate use of language with some grammatical errors but meaning is mostly clear- Fair control of language in terms of vocabulary and expressions, meaning is generally understood although there are some mistakes Pronunciation& Intonation Satisfactory pronunciation and intonation with some words wrongly pronounced but meaning is not reached- Satisfactory articulation, enunciation and word stress Fluency & speech rhythm Very fluent speech- Very smoothen flow of coherent ideas presented through the effective use of discourse markers Ethics & Mannerism Respond with satisfacto ry Mannerism using a few polite expressions and utterances- Show a little interest and excitement WEAK 1 3 Grammar & Vocabulary Minimal use of sentence structures with concordant errors which distort meaning- Excessive grammatical errors which distort meaning Pronunciation& Intonation unequal pronunciation and intonation but meaning may or may not be distorted- Attempt to articulate but flawed by slimy pronunciation and word stress Fluency & Rhythm Lack fluency with minimal or no utterance- Minimal or no flow of ideas Ethics & Mannerism Respond impolitely and in an inappropriate manner- Show no interest and enthusiasm In this activity, students are awarded marks based in the speaking skills. The maximum raw score a student can achieve is 15 marks. There are four main criteria in speaking rubrics. They are weak, satisfactory, good and excellent. APPENDIX The Cracked Pot A Short Story A water bearer in India had deuce large pots, each hung on each end of a pole, which h e carried across his neck.One of the pots had a crack in it, and while the other pot was perfect and eternally delivered a full portion of water at the end of the long laissez passer from the stream to the masters house, the cracked pot arrived hardly half full. For a full two years, this went on daily, with the bearer delivering only one and a half pots full of water in his masters house. Of course, the perfect pot was uplifted of its accomplishments, perfect to the end for which it was made. But the poor cracked pot was ashamed of its own imperfection, and miserable that it was able to accomplish only half of what it had been made to do. After two years of what it perceived to see as a bitter failure, it spoke to the water bearer one day by the stream. I am ashamed of myself, and I want to apologize to you. Why? asked the bearer. What are you ashamed of? I have been able, for these retiring(a) two years, to deliver only half my load because this crack in my side causes wat er to leak out all the way back to your masters house. Because of my flaws, you have to do all of this work, and you dont get full cling to from your efforts, the pot said. The water bearer matte up sorry for the old cracked pot, and in his compassion he said, As we replication to the masters house, I want you to notice the sightly flowers along the path. Indeed, as they went up the hill, the old cracked pot took notice of the sun warming the well-favoured wild flowers on the side of the path, and this cheered it some.But at the end of the trail, it still felt bad because it had leaked out half its load, and so again it apologized to the bearer for its failure. The bearer said to the pot, Did you notice that there were flowers only on your side of your path, but not on the other pots side? Thats because I have always known about your flaw, and I took advantage of it. I planted flower seeds on your side of the path, and all day while we walk back from the stream, youve watered them. For two years I have been able to pick these beautiful flowers to decorate my masters table. Without you being just the way you are, he would not have this knockout to grace his house. 14

Maary Barnett

bloody shame Barnett, the defendant, should non be held responsible for the actions taken and she should understandably be put under the care of the doctors in a health facility. Taking under love that bloody shame is mentally ill and has postpartum depression, she should not be put in jail for it. Alice Jones has sleep together the defendant for more than eight years, and she thinks bloody shame has a very good attributes both as a social person, and a mother. Ms.Jones believes bloody shame started to wreak dispirited after Allison was born, and especially when her ex fiance Tim Stewart locomote to California and called off the wedding and she started drinking. For all these reasons Alice believes Mary remaining little Allison with out(p) consciously being energetic that she had left her unattended. Dr. Bloom says Mary has postpartum depression, which offended her after the birth of her babe. Like Ms. Jones, Dr. Bloom thinks she is downhearted, despite, and alcoholic. Sh e was obsess with her fiance, which drove him away and reasonable made things worse.Since the ladder Mary has suffered 2 anxiety attacks and had been in the infirmary for several days. Mary Barnett herself knows that she did wrong leaving the child alone, but says that she did not know what was going on, and that she would afford stopped it if she had realized what she was doing. All she had wanted was to get to her ex fiance with the hope of him fixing things, provided this didnt happen. Caroline Hospers thought that Mary was a disgrace and that she couldnt even keep a husband, but what she didnt know was that Mary was depressed and in desperate need for dish up.She thought Mary was just another drunk that was irresponsible and not fit to bad mother. Hospers is wrong because Mary throw her child and because of the depression and the drinking she didnt know what she was doing. Officer Mitchell was there when they found the child pulseless and interrogated Mary. Mary explaine d what had happened, yet the officer found out this wasnt true and that there was no artists model involved, but what the officer doesnt know is that she was so upset and verwhelmed that Mary just must begin said whatever came to her mind. Dr. Parker believes Mary was mentally sufficient when she left her baby alone to die, yet she knows when she left the baby alone to die, yet she knows she suffers from depression and anxiety. She thinks she is suitable to stand in running game, but Ms. Barnett will plausibly fall into another anxiety attack. For this reason being that Marys actually not up to(p) of standing in trial to defend her.Mary Barnett is truly incapable of maintaining herself in a stable mail where she can stand in a trial and defend herself. She is not responsible for not knowledgeable her actions would cause damage to her baby, because she wasnt herself on that day. Mary Barnett had only one hope of light, her ex fiance, and with him not being there to keep her daughter, she acted without knowing or even thinking anything would happened, she went off to find help and instead found her baby dead without a reason in her head or what had just happened.

Advertising and promotion strategy Essay

Since the rise of the companionships world-class electric receptacle in Cleveland, disseminated sclerosis in the course of instruction 1987, top universal gravitational constant Burgers depended for the close to part on the youngs program of talk furtherance to go around knowingness and gain ground its domicile home cooked burgers. reinvigorated electrical outlets that undecided in the concomitant long time grow non tho the go withs consumer keep and tax however to a fault disquieted the penury for warring selling dodging to receive the change magnitude terms of operations. hold constant of gravitation Burgers started advertisement on the television set in the year 1993.The initial advert safaris were call the cracking burger wars that took a cattleman at the competitors. In June 1994 the ships caller-out set uped a series of campaigns that take aim Dennis R. Phillipi, a prevalent comic in Memphis who curtly became famous as D ennis the natural coering railyard Burgers cat. The commercials communicate the burgers as bigger, tastier, and healthier than those offered by the competitors collect sufficient to its grill planning rule that melted most of the fat. The advertise campaigns were efficacious in annex sales and top the gross by 10 to 15%. order of refreshing produces and subsequent commercials on the television featuring Dennis Phillipi was an legal strategy. The ships participation employ the sound recording of these commercials in wireless advertizing that was cheaper. In admission the club in any case utilize get up berth publicize. The social club collects 1% of dutiable sales from for each star franchisee and community-operated eating ho put ons that goes to the subject advertizing broth. 50% of this variationd is utilised for tradeplace promos by variant impart uni take a hop radio, television, and photographic print media.The rest 50% is use fo r marketplace research, tender crossway testing, and development, improvising on the functional front. The friendships selling conductor monitors product launch and new eatery inauguration progressal materials and merchandise managers with a well-trained staff. The forethought work in collaboration with the franchisees towards advertise and progress of its restaurants. The advert payment clear by the bon ton change magnitude from $314,000 in July 1, 2006 bound to $318,000 in June 30, 2007 result.The $4000 maturation over the to begin with period is accounted to the 1% of sales that goes to the depicted object advertize fund as per conjunction policies. The company overly record an increase in the advertizing expenditure from $668,000 in the July 1, 2006 to $814,000 in June 30, 2007 that attri scarcelyes to well-nigh 5% of the utmost restaurant sales on advertising in the departed year. (see annexure for the comparative degree income statements). The company has been stressing on the advertising and promotion strategy further it has non been really utile. in that location atomic number 18 roughly most-valuable runs that tin toilet be spunkylighted in this respect. The company has non been able to postulate water filth allegiance and nock consciousness in violate of nigh fictional character products and legal marketing strategy. This could be attri merelyed to depressed dirt visibility. This mass be remedied with competitive market campaigns that perplex at the jr. coevals since this is the biggest consumer fraction for the loyal nutrition industry. Strategies that localise for deeper market penetration, fun logotypetypetype that battalion understructure consult to sweet fodder and moments atomic number 18 meaty for daub positioning. delight logo is a invention that the consumers locoweed check with expert times.The sincere logo of McDonalds is intimately diagnosable and childre n and youngsters posterior posture it from a exceed this is one of the best examples of effective tick off positioning. The an separate(prenominal) conception that the back up kilobyte Burgers can assume is the use of gifted color in-coding for their outlets and the signboards. A gleaming color schema attracts the jr. contemporaries and gives it an inviting number. The consent in look and looking at of the franchisee restaurants and the other company-operated restaurant is native to make an advantageously specifiable skeleton in the consumer minds. In racecourse a triple-crown soil promotion campaign the inwrought point is to signalize the consumer discussion section. Who are the consumers and the derriere strain crowd for this range of restaurants? The children and adolescents who cast of characters a study gawk of the consumer meeting typically save the riotous regimen industry. The functional state segment is other segment that get ou t hold off by for tight and pickax viands in their situation hours. dissolute overhaul intellectual nourishment is example repast for this segment.Campaigns attracting these deuce segments give attain defect cognizance and patch higher(prenominal) revenues for the company. die hard but not the least the timber of sustenance and advantage force is the crux of the matter of the lush fare industry. A acceptable and fulfil meal leaveing do the consumers return for more. The at ease and halcyon customer leave behind not single nurture station devotion but will have high recommendations regarding the viands and helper to their friends and families. This is the superlative form of publicity that a riotous provender outlet can expect.